Alfred Nobel and the History of Dynamite

Alfred Nobel and the History of Dynamite The Nobel prizes  were established by none other than inventor Alfred Nobel. But besides being the namesake behind  one of the most prestigious awards given annually for academic, cultural and scientific achievements, Nobel is also well-known for making it possible for people to blow things up.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before all that, however, the Swedish  industrialist, engineer, and inventor  built bridges and buildings in his nations capital Stockholm. It was his construction work that inspired Nobel to research new methods of blasting rock. So in 1860, the Nobel first started experimenting with an explosive chemical substance called  nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin and Dynamite Nitroglycerin was first invented by Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero in 1846. In its natural liquid state, nitroglycerin is very volatile. Nobel understood this and in 1866 discovered that mixing nitroglycerine with silica would turn the liquid into a malleable paste called dynamite. One advantage that dynamite had over nitroglycerin was that it could be cylinder-shaped for insertion into the drilling holes used for mining. In 1863, Nobel invented the Nobel patent detonator or blasting cap for detonating nitroglycerin. The  detonator used a strong shock rather than heat combustion to ignite the explosives. The Nobel Company built the first factory to manufacture nitroglycerin and dynamite. In 1867, Nobel received U.S. patent number 78,317 for his invention of dynamite. To be able to detonate the dynamite rods, Nobel also improved his detonator (blasting cap) so that it could be ignited by lighting a fuse.  In 1875, Nobel invented blasting gelatine, which was more stable and powerful than dynamite  and patented it in 1876. In 1887, he was granted a French patent for  ballistite, a smokeless  blasting powder  made from nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. While Ballistite was developed as a substitute for black gunpowder, a variation is used today as a  solid fuel rocket propellant. Biography On October 21, 1833, Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His family moved to St. Petersburg in Russia when he was nine years old. Nobel prided himself on the many countries he lived in during his lifetime and considered himself a world citizen. In 1864, Albert Nobel founded Nitroglycerin AB in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1865, he built the Alfred Nobel Co. Factory in Krà ¼mmel near Hamburg, Germany. In 1866, he established the United States Blasting Oil Company in the U.S. In 1870, he established the Socià ©tà © gà ©nà ©ral pour la fabrication de la dynamite in Paris, France. When he died in 1896, Nobel  stipulated the year before in his last will and testament that 94 percent of his total assets go toward the creation of an endowment fund to honor achievements in  physical science, chemistry, medical science or physiology, literary work and service toward peace.  Hence, the Nobel prize is awarded yearly to people whose work helps humanity. In total, Alfred Nobel held three hundred and fifty-five patents in the fields of electrochemistry, optics, biology, and physiology.

Humanities and Art - Caravaggios David essays

Humanities and Art - Caravaggio's David essays Caravaggios David with the Head of Goliath is truly an important painting expressing a known fact that every painter paints himself in a clear and defining way. It was week one in our Reading of the Arts class when I first saw this painting. My immediate aesthetic response was that it was a gory biblical painting that depicted the triumph of David over Goliath. Although I was right to a certain extent, I did not realize back in week one what the artist was attempting to portray until doing further research on the painting. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio also known as the Anti-Christ of painting was born in Milan, Italy in 1571. While growing up he trained as a painter, and in his early twenties he moved to Rome, the epic center of art. The time period was the early 17th century where art took on Baroque artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear interpreted detail to produce tension, emotion, and drama. The popularity of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church. The baroque style was a direct response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in with emotional involvement. Caravaggio, a follower of the Roman Catholic Church, always had a wealth of commissions and patrons because of his many paintings. He lived a very careless, above the law type of lifestyle which he reflects upon in this particular painting. In 1606, Caravaggio was involved in a duel where he killed a master swordsman. Because he could never prove that it was duel for sport, a murder warrant was issued therefore Caravaggio fled Rome. It wasnt until 1610 that Caravaggio painted David with the Head of Goliath ask plea to the Pope begging for his pardon to return to Rome. Some believed that this spectacular oil painting on canvas was just another depiction of the religious tale of David and Goliath, but it is so much more. Like I said before, initially I too thought it was jus...

The Novikov Telegram, September 27, 1946 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Novikov Telegram, September 27, 1946 - Essay Example The evidence he uses to justify this perspective stems from the â€Å"the real meaning† of the claims of the American leadership of the right to lead the world. These words have been followed up by the enlisting of the army, the air force, the navy, industry, and science in America to serve this long-term goal of the American foreign policy. In addition Novikov cites the existence of â€Å"broad plans† for the expansion leading to world domination, and the use of diplomacy in implementing these plans by the setting up a system of air and naval bases that are far beyond the boundaries of the United States of America. Further evidence cited by Novikov to justify the long-term goal of world domination in American foreign policy through the arms race and the development of â€Å"newer types of weapons†. The newer types of weapons that Novikov refers to are the atomic bombs possessed by the United States of America, which at that time was not possessed by any other co untry. Novikov goes on further to say that the United States of America was moving towards ending the allied occupation of Germany so that by establishing democracy in Germany, it could be used to in the service of the plans of the United States of America for world domination. (1). To Novikov the American strategy in its timing of entry into Second World War was planned on assisting it aims to dominate the world. During the Second World War the main theatres of war were in Europe and Asia. As far as possible the United States of America would not enter the Second World war and if pushed to it would delay its entry in such a manner that with minimal effort it could decide the course of the war, as the main combatants by then would weak and weary of the war. This strategy had to twin benefits on one hand the leading nations of the world involved in the battles of the second world war would be weakened while the fresh American forces would retain their strength and this would allow them to

Consumer credit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Consumer credit - Research Paper Example Owing to the fact that there are potential challenges that may affect consumers while making transactions using consumer credits, various laws have been implemented to ensure that such challenges are prevented from occurring. In the United States, legal structures governing the use of consumer credits have been embodied in state as well as federal laws: Various states have passed regulatory frameworks that govern the use of consumer credits for instance; the application of the Uniform Consumer Credit Code that has been implemented in approximately 11 states. The main objective of this code is to protect consumers who intent to obtain credit cards for purposes of facilitating their transactions. Additionally, this code ensures that consumers are provided with enough credit and monitors the consumer credit sector as a whole. In the year 1968, the Consumer Credit Protection Act was passed by the United States Congress, with a purpose of regulatory the credit sector. This act stipulates that credit service providers have to describe the terms of providing credit to their consumers before they acquire their services. There are also other acts that have been provided in the United States not only for purposes of handling consumer credit issues, but also handling and managing issues that may affecting credit card holders in due course as well as issues affecting transactions involving debit cards. This research will specifically provide an overview of the Uniform Consumer Credit Code followed by a discussion of the statutes that have been used to manage consumer credit card issues, debit as well as holders in due

CPOE,Electronic Signature, 3 Risk Management Recommendations for Assignment

CPOE,Electronic Signature, 3 Risk Management Recommendations for Nurses - Assignment Example Secure information management system ensures integrity and trust with individual and others’ personal information. In this case, enhanced security measures should be initialized. For example; biometric signing in and out, immediate automatic log out when a computer is idle, and always encrypt information so as to be accessed the intended recipient only. For this scenario, the nurse should have either completely attended to the first patient before diverting her attention to the next case or she could have called in another nurse or primary care practitioner and give instructions accordingly with proper documentation of the extent she had examined the patient. Alternatively she could have procedurally handed over to the next shift of nurses before leaving the hospital. The fact that data/ information in the Case Study health institution is never handle with the expected care and given proper security is the most troubling issue. Professionally information is the key to success, meaning therefore that all that information kept in this institution forms the background of good management. Ethically, medical information of either inpatient or outpatient should always remain a secret between the doctor/nurse and patient for that matter. However, this scenario demonstrated neither ethical nor professional ways of handling such information in that on arrival at work the following day she found addition of medical records done, inappropriate web access, gained access to the narcotics, and a print out copy of the assessment left in the patient’s

Physiological Effects Of Obesity Essay

Physiological Effects Of Obesity Essay Measuring body shape can be a rich data about health and the risk of disease. Measuring anthropometry manually could be time-consuming, only a few indexes of shape (e.g. body girths and their ratios) are used regularly in clinical practice or epidemiology, both of which still rely primarily on body mass index (BMI). Three-dimensional (3-D) body scanning provides high-quality digital information about shape. Obesity, on the other hand, is the accumulation of excess body fat, whereby a sizeable amount of adipose tissue goes untapped. Obesity results from the imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. This imbalance may be the result, individually or concomitantly, of excess caloric intake, decreased physical activity, metabolic disorders, and genetics (National Institutes of Health, 1998; Berg, 1993). Genetics are seen to influence whether an individual can become obese, while environment determines whether the individual actually does become obese, as well as the extent of the obesity (Meyer Stunkard, 1993).Obesity is a health disorder in which a person gains at least 20% of the usual body weight because of the increase in the fat cells (adipose tissues) in the body. This accumulation of excess fat causes serious threat to health. The adverse health conditions can lead to various physical and emotional problems. These include cardiac diseases, high pressure and even differe nt forms of cancers, apart from depression and diabetes. In recent times, obesity has become one of the vital health problems in the society. According to estimates, there are more than 1 billion obese people in the world. Generally, faulty food habits, excess intake of food and hormonal imbalance are the main causes of this disorder. 1.2 Symptoms of Obesity a) Excessive weight within a short period of time. He/she usually gains 4-5 kilos every month, such that the metabolism process becomes difficult to control. b) The chest area tends to look larger, especially in men as the body fat starts getting accumulated in that area at the initial stage. In women, fat gets accumulated in the waists, thigh, upper arms and breasts. This is a major symptom of obesity. c) The size of the abdomen tends to enlarge. At times, there are whitish marks on the abdomen areas due to the excess accumulation of fatty tissues. d) Another preliminary symptom is that the person tends to have shortness of breath. He cannot breathe properly because of the accumulation of excess fat in the chest area and below the diaphragm. e) Most people start suffering from indigestion due to an excess of abdominal fat. At the same, time, Urinary incontinence or urine leakage happens, mostly to women. Although most of this underreported, this can be taken as a serious symptom of obesity. Abdominal obesity is also marked by symptoms such as snoring and sleeps disturbances. f) One of the scientific ways of understanding obesity is by calculating the body mass index (BMI). It is the ratio of the persons height to weight. According to the World Health Organization, if the BMI is in the range of 25-29, a person is overweight and if the BMI is 30 and above, the person is considered to be obese. 1.3 Effects of obesity on human body The effects of obesity extend far beyond physical weight and related health problems. Obesity side effects can include a greater risk of mental health problems and low self-esteem. Social attitudes on obesity range from avoidance to outright discrimination and bullying. The effects of obesity on physical health are well documented. The Stanford Hospital (2010) reports obesity causes up to 300,000 premature deaths a year in the United States alone. Obesity health effects range from backaches and joint pain to life-threatening conditions. The following is a list of health conditions attributed to obesity. This list is by no means exhaustive; the effects of obesity on physical health care, unfortunately, many and varied. Physical disorders Obesity can cause serious physical disorders. It may lead to chronic diseases, disability and eventually death if not treated correctly and at the right time. Let us examine some of the physical effects of obesity. Decreased mobility It becomes difficult for obese people to move around. They often feel tired and breathless as they have much accumulation of fat in the chest, neck and associated areas of the body. There is a constant feeling of breathlessness and fatigue, which leads lack of activity and movement. Cardiac disease People who are obese generally have frequent chest pains and higher risks of heart attack. Congestive heart failure is also common for such people. At the same time, it is common for obese people to have high blood pressure compared to those who maintain a healthy body weight. Cancer It has been observed that obese people have an increased risk of certain cancers. These include cancers of the gall bladder, uterus, colon, prostrate and kidney, among others. Obese women are more prone to breast cancers in their mid-lives. Arthritis Obesity is strongly associated with joint pain and arthritis. It is common for obese men and women to have osteoarthritis, which is a joint disorder, causing ache and inflammation especially in areas such as lower backs, waists and knees. 1.4 Measurement of Obesity BMI is a measurement of body weight based on height and weight. Although BMI does not actually measure percentage of body fat, it is a useful tool to estimate a healthy body weight based on height. Due to its ease of measurement and calculation, it is the most widely used diagnostic indicator to identify a persons optimal weight depending on his height. BMI number will inform one if one is underweight, of normal weight, overweight, or obese. However, due to the wide variety of body types, the distribution of muscle and bone mass, etc., it is not appropriate to use this as the only or final indication for diagnosis. In adults, a BMI of 25 to 29.9kg/m2 means that person is considered to be overweight, and a BMI of 30kg/m2 or above means that person is considered to be obese. The use of BMI as a measure of body composition has met with some criticism (Blew, et al., 2002; Duerenberg, Yap van Staveren, 1998; Gallagher, et al., 1996; Prentice Jebb, 2001). Clinical and laboratory studies often employ more sophisticated measures of body composition and distribution, such as: measures of electrical impedance; underwater weighing; or circumference measures determining fat distribution via a waist to hip ratio. While these measures allow for a very detailed examination of body composition, they require specialized equipment and training to collect, and are not practical for large surveys. Notwithstanding, BMI has shown to be a relatively strong metric for body composition. Recent studies show that electrical impedance is not superior to BMI as a predictor of overall adiposity (Willett, et al., 2006) and in clinical samples, Ensrud and colleagues (1994) found the relationship between BMI and functioning to be stronger than that for waist to hip ratio and functio ning. 1.5 BMI Table for Adults This is the World Health Organizations (WHO) recommended body weight based on BMI values for adults. It is used for both men and women, age 18 or older. Category BMI range kg/m2 Severely underweight Underweight 16.5 18.5 Normal 18.5 25 Overweight 25 30 Obese Class I 30 35 Obese Class II 35 40 Obese Class III > 40 1.7 Ethnicity Analyses have revealed significant differences in size and body shape between ethnic groups and social categories within the US population, and have further demonstrated significant differences in body shape between US and UK white adults. These differences may prove to play a key role in accounting for differences in morbidity and mortality between these populations and social groups. (Table1.2) Table 1.2 Body shape in American and British adults: between country and inter-ethnic comparisons Comments Wells et al. (2007) Adults17+ yrs from UK (3907M and 4710F white), and from USA (1744M and 3329F, 709M and 1106F African and 639M and 839F Hispanic). Two National Sizing Surveys, SizeUK and SizeUSA, were conducted using identical instrumentation, study design and recruitment strategy. All Outcomes (except height) adjusted for height P In USA, socio-economic status was associated with increasing height and decreasing waist girth in white and Hispanic, but not African Americans. Compared to white British, white Americans had larger weight and girths, especially waist girth in men. Long Study population, some subjects may withdraw before the end of study, Lynch et al. (2006) 5,115, by ethnicity (Black/White), sex, age (18-24years/25-30 years). Body size judgments were obtained using the Stunkard figure rating scale. Black men (p Black men were slightly younger, and had higher BMIs than White participants. Stunkard scale was for White persons, may not be good for Black persons. Pepper et al (2010) 70 women evaluated for waist and hip circumference and waist: hip ratio via laser scanner and tape measure. In a subset of 34 participants, 8 repeated measures of laser scanning were performed for reproducibility analysis. Interclass correlation coefficient .992, p Evaluation of waist and hip circumferences measured by body scanning did not differ significantly from tape measure (p > 0.05). Small study population 1.8 Causes of Obesity Obesity does not just happen overnight, it develops gradually from poor diet and lifestyle choices and, to some extent, from ones genes (the units of genetic material inherited from ones parents). Lifestyle choices are an important factor in influencing your weight. Eating more calories than you need may be down to unhealthy food choices. For example, unhealthy food choices could be: eating processed or fast food that is high in fat, not eating fruit, vegetables and unrefined carbohydrates, such as wholemeal bread and brown rice, drinking too much alcohol alcohol contains a lot of calories, and heavy drinkers are often overweight, and eating out a lot as you may have a starter or dessert in a restaurant, and the food can be higher in fat and sugar, eating larger portions than you need you may be encouraged to eat too much if your friends or relatives are also eating large portions, and comfort eating if you feel depressed or have low self-esteem you may comfort eat to make yourself feel better. Lack of physical activity is another important factor that is related to obesity. Many people have jobs that involve sitting at a desk for most of the day, and rely heavily on their cars to get around. When it is time to relax, people tend to watch TV, or play computer games, and rarely take any regular exercise. If you are not active enough, you do not use up the energy provided by the food you eat, and the extra calories are stored as fat instead. Some people tend to stay the same weight for years without much effort, whereas others find they put on weight quickly if they are not careful about what they eat. This could be due, in part, to your genes. Some genetic conditions can increase your appetite, so you end up eating too much. There are also genes that determine how much fat your body stores. A particular genetic variation could mean that your body is more likely to store fat than somebody else. 1.9 Patterns of Obesity in the Population The composition of the body and how fat is stored changes with age, and different metabolic and hormonal factors influence body fat accumulation throughout the life spectrum (Schwartz, 1995; Beaufrere Morio, 2000). In cross-sectional studies, peak values of BMI are observed in the age range 50-59 in both men and women, with gradual declines in BMI after age 60 (Flegal, et al., 1998; Hedley, et al., 2004;), although premature mortality of the obese may influence these cross-sectional relationships (Williamson, 1993). Rates of overweight and obesity in longitudinal studies generally increase with age until age 75, when there is a small drop (Flegal, et al., 1998;). Men are more likely than women to be overweight, but women are more likely to be obese, especially with BMIs greater than 35 (Hedley, et al., 2004). Differences in overweight and obesity rates for women vary starkly by race and ethnicity but are not as apparent for men (Flegal, et al., 1998; Hedley, et al., 2004). According to the National Center for Health Statistics analysis of NHANES data (Hedley, et al., 2004), 77.5 percent of Black women are overweight, compared to 71.4 percent of Mexican women and 57 percent of White women. The prevalence of obesity is similarly skewed with the rates for Black, Mexican and White women at 49.6 percent, 38.9 percent and 31.3 percent, respectively. In fact, over 10 percent of middle-aged Black women have BMIs greater than 40 (Flegal, et al., 1998). 1.10 Relationship of Body Size to Mortality and Disease It is well established that overweight and obesity are significantly related to higher rates of several chronic health conditions including diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, coronary heart disease, arthritis, and certain types of cancer (Mokdad, et al., 2003; Flegal, et al., 2007). The relationship between obesity and mortality has been less definitive, but recent research has documented a stronger association than years past. 1.11 Relationship of Body Size to Functional Status The shape comparison of average women obtained from 3 different surveys gives an indication of the profound changes that have occurred in anthropometry over the last half-century. The average UK woman has increased substantially in weight and body girths since 1951 (Kemsley, 1957), gaining 16 cm in WC despite being only 4 cm taller. The average contemporary US woman has even greater waist and weight than her UK counterpart, despite being 3 cm shorter. As is well recognized, the US population began the trend toward obesity earlier than did European populations, and, without progress in obesity prevention, the UK population is likely to continue to expand in weight and girths. In cross-sectional analyses, obese individuals tend to have an increased prevalence of both upper and lower body functional limitations (Apovian, et al., 2002), and the relationship between obesity and limitations appears to be slightly higher for elderly women than elderly men (Davison, et al., 2002). Longitudinal studies find that these relationships hold for the onset of limitations as well (Ferraro, et al., 2002; Himes, 2000; Jenkins, 2004). Excess weight adds stress to the skeleton and weight-bearing joints, increasing the likelihood of arthritis and joint problems. Physiologically, excess weight leads to increased insulin resistance, damages connective tissues and leads to atherogenesis. It is hypothesized that these changes can lead to decreased functioning (Ferraro Booth, 1999). Obesity may also limit physical activity, depriving individuals of the benefits of exercise and leading to the development of limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) such as climbing stairs, getting out of bed, or going shopping. 1.12 Aim and Objectives Aim and objectives are to study the physiological effects of obesity and 3D body scanning. To study UCL population in conjunction with Wellbeing UCL survey To examine available data from UCL Wellbeing survey To statistically analyse data obtained To evaluate the data To make deductions from these data about the effect of obesity on the physiological parameters have looked at. To conclude with implication of my findings

Ancient Roman Laws Essay -- Roman History

Ancient Roman Laws Although the history of Rome's regal period is based in large part on legend, and was so in antiquity, tradition was strong, and many of Rome's laws and customs, committed to writing much later, have their roots in the distant past. Ancient Rome had many different types of law in government. Out of all of the ancient Roman laws, the Julian Marriage laws, the laws of the kings, and the Justinian Codes, are some of them. The Julian Marriage laws were very specific and determined. Emperor Augustus notice social problems at Rome, and he detected that extravagance and adultery were very common in the Roman Government. In the upper classes, marriages varied; and when people did marry, they didn‘t create children. After this issue was found, Augustus brought both the morals and the numbers of the upper classes in Rome together by increasing the population of native Italians in Italy. He did this by creating laws to encourage marriage and having children, and started laws to make the act of adultery a crime. Some of the laws created by Augustus included that men must marry. This law was to help the Roman Government gain a bigger population from the children of all the married couples. To enforce this law, he gave what was called prizes for having children and marrying. Although they were based on marriage, the major role in this law was adultery. These prizes were mainly tax reductions and awards. Since more males existed than females among the nobility, he allowed anyone that had wanted to marry freedwomen, and said that births of children in these such marriages would be legal and rightful. He made new laws and changed some of the old ones, for example, the sumptuary law. Laws like the sumptuary law were on a basis of adultery. There were many consequences of adultery in the Roman Empire. These consequences were mainly involved with killings. One of the laws stated that a husband who finds his wife in adultery can only kill the adulterer when he catches him in his own house. Another law concluded that a husband cannot kill anyone in adultery except persons who are well-known and prostitutes, including slaves. His wife, however, is liable and he is forbidden to kill her. Adultery also restricted killings for adultery, for example; if a son under h is fathers power, should surprise his daughter in the act of adultery, the law says that h... ...he Digest. The Institutione was a book that was mainly copied from the institutes of Gaius. It was considered beginners text book and a book of statutes. Most of the rules in this textbook/book of statutes became laws in many countries. The Pandectae was a collection of fragments from academic papers. All of its legal opinions were given legal force, just like the Institutione had given the legal force. The Codex and the Digest wasn’t as complicated as the Institutione and the Pandectae but was the most important out of the four. The Codex was just mainly a collection of imperial statutes, and the Digest was basically a casebook covering many trials and decisions. In conclusion, many Ancient Roman laws have been the origin of the laws we find in our society. Other laws in the Ancient Rome period have been the origin of other countries too. All of these laws have helped create our laws in America by looking at mistakes and great ideas of the Ancient Roman government. The Roman Laws are thought as legend, but some still think of it as realistic. You could compare the Justinian Codes greatly to our three branches of government, when there were four books. All the powers split up.

Legal Studies Essay International Crime

International Crime -Crimes against Humanity †¢ Using the case study of Srebrenica, evaluate the effectiveness of international and domestic legal systems in dealing with crimes against the international community International laws and mechanisms to deal with international crime are vast in number. They aid in promoting common moral and ethical standards to be administered worldwide. Tribunals such as the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) have provided a mechanism to deal with international crime.Collaborations of member countries allow these Courts to implement certain justice, but the limitations and ineffectiveness is highlighted when breaches of their administration occur leading to miscarriage of justice for victims, offenders and society. The International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court has been a legal mechanism which deals with international crime and which has had varying effectiveness. The ICC is the world’s first permanent international criminal court and 111 countries have ratified its Rome Statute.The media article â€Å"Effectiveness of ICC without US Support†, Radio Netherlands, 18 June 2009, argues that, even though major powers like India, China and Russia are still not party to the Rome Statue of 2002, the Court has at least managed to put an end to those who may have otherwise escaped punishment from crimes against humanity. Steven Freeland’s article â€Å"Eradicating Evil is on Trial†, The Australian, 2008, highlights the fact that without the ICC and other international tribunals, many thousands of victims and their families would receive no justice at all.However the ICC has limited effectiveness due to its limited ability to enforce international law. One aspect that hinders the effectiveness is the fact that the ICC and other international tribunals have no police force and are reliant on states to arrest indicted victims and bring them before the appropriate court. Without the political will to cooperate in this process the court’s effectiveness is limited.The arrest warrants issued by the ICC against President Omar al-Bashir of Sudan for genocide committed in Darfur, and Bashir’s ongoing contempt for them, are an example of the limitations of international courts in failing to provide justice. Al Bashir’s warrant is the first issued against a sitting head of state, however states lack the necessary will to ensure he is brought to the court. The ineffectiveness is also evident as the court’s warrant lacks enforceability.Further, the Court has only convicted one person during its ten years of operations, Thomas Lubanga, who was jailed for 14 years for recruiting child soldiers, as per the article â€Å"Congolese Warlord Sentenced for 14 Years† News Africa, 10 July 2012. The fact that the Court has arrested only six people and convicted one illustrates the struggles the court faces in delivering justice. The International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (ICTY) International courts are often criticised for being ineffective due to their lack of enforcement.However, the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia reflects an increase in effectiveness. The ICTY is effective as it delivers justice when there is non-compliance of international law. As reported in the Sydney Morning Herald on 20 July 2011, the last remaining fugitive, Goran Hadzic, was arrested by the war crimes tribunal, however it took 18 years to send him to trial. According to the ICTY’s website accessed February 2012, the Tribunal has indicted 161 persons for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia.Of this number, 64 have been sentenced, 13 referred to other jurisdictions and 35 proceedings are ongoing. An example of a sentence which provided justice was when Milan Lukic received life imprisonment. T he ICTY is effective as it is effective in delivering justice to offenders, though this has taken years to achieve and is ongoing. Domestic legal systems have been intermittently effective in dealing with crimes against the international community. According to the Sydney Morning Herald, September 2011, the Australian government extradited the accused war criminal Dragan Vasiljkovic to the Tribunal, despite his efforts to block deportation.However, the Sydney Morning Herald article â€Å"See No Evil is Australia’s Way on War Crimes†, October 2011, contrasts the poor performance on the David Hicks affair and argues that Australia has an inconsistent approach to dealing with international crime. Further, the ruling of the Dutch Court in July 2011 that the Netherlands was responsible for the deaths at Srebrenica is a landmark decision that countries contributing to peacekeeping can be held accountable for their actions. Therefore domestic legal systems can be effective in dealing with international crime.The ICTY is effective as it has delivered judgments which promote justice for individuals and society. A landmark ruling of the court was when it ruled mass rape in the time of war a crime against humanity, the first time a court had made such a ruling. As reported in The Guardian newspaper on 23 February 2001, this ruling gave hope to thousands of women abused in times of war. The Court is effective has it reflects moral and ethical standards. The ICTY is effective as it is promotes access to justice for individuals.The Court has a victims and witness section which provides meals and accommodation to witnesses. It also has a translation department and its own legal aid system. Many accused cannot afford legal counsel to gain a fair trial and, according to the ICTY website accessed February 2012, Legal aid accounts for 11% of the tribunal’s budget. Whilst these funds have promoted justice for individuals and victims, a factor which weakens th e Tribunal’s effectiveness is that of resource efficiency as the court cost nearly $301 million to operate in the 2011-12 year.Conclusion The ICC and the ICTY are examples of mechanisms which protect the rights of individuals. International Courts however rely on the cooperation of nation states to ensure accused are brought to justice. Limitations such as government sovereignty and a lack of enforceability means that after the war crime, justice may not be achieved in a timely manner (such as in the Srebrenica case). The ICC and the ICTY are therefore mechanisms which vary in their effectiveness in providing justice.

Tess of the dUrbervilles Essay Example

Tess of the dUrbervilles Essay Example Tess of the dUrbervilles Paper Tess of the dUrbervilles Paper Essay Topic: Literature Look closely at the incident in the chase when Tess is raped/seduced by Alec DUrberville. What do we learn here about the nature of Tesss fate in the novel? Consider Hardys characterisation of Tess and his manipulation of the narrative. In this extract, Alec takes advantage of Tess, and rides her into to the woods. Tess is upset and drunk and Alec takes this as an opportunity to take advantage of Tess. In that moment of oblivion she sank gently against him. This quote shows that Tess can be vulnerable at times, it shows weakness, and even though she is trying to resist Alec she still for that moment relies on him to be there and to comfort her at that time when she needed someone. It shows that she needs someone to lean on, but Alec takes advantage. Examples of adjectives Hardy has used are, denser, vigour, goldern-haired, beaming, ruddy, curious, narrow, rickety and hazy. These adjectives all give a sense of relaxed, slow and sad feelings within Tess because she has a child, and in the latter part of the chapter actually dies. This begins to set the scene for this tragic event. The chapter Rally XVI opens with a dull and almost slow pace when Hardy says: It was a hazy sunrise in August. The denser nocturnal vapours where they waited till they should be dried away to nothing. This is Hardys description of mist or fog in an early summers morning. He points out that the mist is quite dense and this almost weighs it down and is not described as being a light mist, but a dense, oppressing mist. This may relate to Tess having an unclear vision of what is going on and her mental composition. Hardy also uses adjectives in the Rally extract to give the landscape a sense of happiness such as, beautiful, clear, bracing, slow, soft, silent, scents and larger. He uses positive words that make the text seem delightful and this in turn shows us how Tess is feeling. Hardy also uses colours such as blue and green to describe nouns and these colours can be associated with spring, a new start and happiness. Another type of grammar Hardy uses is verbs, which have been very well chosen for the mood he wants to paint. For example in the Maiden No More extract he uses verbs like attacked, shrinking, demanding, feel, prevailed, gazing, brimming, smeared, intensified, dipped in liquid fire and ticking to give a sense of unhappiness, and are quite emotive. They are all very intense verbs, which are quite coarse and harsh. Likewise in The Rally XVI extract, intriguing verbs have also been used by Hardy such as, cheering, prattled, lacked, speckled, dazzling, nourished and fluctuating. All of these verbs have a sense of cheeriness and happiness, and give the sense of Tess being in a happy mood. An example is on page 134 when Hardy says, She heard a pleasant voice in every, and in every birds note seemed to lurk a joy. By using adjectives like pleasant and joy there is immediately a perception of happiness. A quote which portrays Tess to be in a happy mood, is when Hardy says, It lacked the intensely blue atmosphere of the rival vale, and its heavy soil and scents; the new air was clear, bracing, ethereal. This quote makes Tesss condition seem refreshing and happier as Hardy uses confident words like ethereal and bracing, and is again making a comparison between the new and old scenery, as Hardy describe the past scene as the rival vale. On page 133, Hardy says, The world was drawn to a larger pattern here. This quotation extends Tesss thinking into a broader field, making her feel more open and making the world beyond her looking cheerful. Another indicator of Tesss happiness on page 133 is when Hardy says, Either the change in the quality of the air from heavy to light, or the sense of being amid new scenes where there were no invidious eyes upon her, sent up her spirits wonderfully. This quote directly informs the reader that the new scenery and atmosphere around Tess have sent up her spirits wonderful, or basically made her feel much happier. A pattern of Hardys language is emerging here, as he has yet again used a comparison between the old and the new environment. Firstly he comments on the air quality going from heavy to light, as he does about the soil earlier on, and then the scenery itself. Hardy has concentrated on the wind and natural environment a lot, in the section echoing Tesss poised time. On page 134, Hardy says: Her hopes mingled with the sunshine in an ideal photosphere which surrounded her as she bounded along against the soft south wind. This is also a good quote to refer to Tess in a happy, yet anticipating mood. Hardy describes Tess as being a part of nature as her hopes are mingled with the sunshine, the sun also being a god-like feature in the Maiden No More extract, but also as the wind is described as soft and southerly there is a sense of warmth and happiness. The south wind is referred to in the same paragraph when Hardy says: It was her best face physically that was now set against the south wind. This directly informs the reader that Tess is probably smiling and happy, and reference to the south wind, is made again in the quotation. The short story that I am going to be analysing is Tickets Please by D H Lawrence, written in the 20th century, the protagonists being Annie and John Thomas, which is set in the First World War in the Midlands. It is easy to identify that this text has been set in the First World War, because the narrator mentions since we are in war-time, and the tram was entirely conducted by girls something common for that time, as men were out fighting in the war. Other indicators of it being the First World War are Statutes Fair, Co-operative Wholesale Society, Hat pins that John Thomas won for Annie, quoits-he threw on the table and the colliers. DH Lawrence was born in Nottinghamshire, and his father was a coal-miner. References to his background are reflected in the text, as he says black colliery garden and the description of this particular part of the Midlands is a very close interpretation of Nottinghamshire at that time. D H Lawrence also wrote about Thomas Hardy, and therefore may have been influenced to signify the importance of the setting as Hardy has done in many of his books. Alike Thomas Hardy, DH Lawrence also uses the language to set a mood for the location he describes. Tickets Please starts off in the Midlands in the rural, black industrial countryside and we are then taken through the reckless swoops downhill and end up in the sordid streets of the great town. The beginning of the short story is where most of the scene has been set, and is written as a turbulent journey. Lawrence uses far more adjectives and adverbs than Hardy does to describe his location, and therefore makes the place more vividly refined and imaginable. The beginning of the short story is a journey, in which the places change yet appear to characterise a similar type of mood. D H Lawrence uses many descriptive words and phrases, particularly using grammatical tools like adjectives to create a vivid picture of area. Examples of these are, cold, gloomy ugly, wild, stark, black, little, industrial, sordid and grimy. All of these adjectives are dull and depressing, setting a grim and gloomy atmosphere. Lawrence also uses many more interesting verbs to describe the Tram than Hardy does to describe his landscapes. Examples of interesting and exciting verbs are plunges, perched, bouncing, slithering, and halts. These verbs make the tram sound exciting and almost scary to be on, by using such hard-impacting verbs. This is re-enforced when the narrator refers to the journey as being an adventure more than once. DH Lawrence and Hardy both use personification in their text to describe the settings. Lawrence uses personification to give the place a more life-like description when he says, The last ugly place of industry, the cold, little town that shivers on the edge of the wild gloomy country beyond. The town is described to be shivering, which is a human characteristic. During the journey the place seems to cheer up as it say; There the green and creamy coloured tram-cars seen to pause and purr with curious satisfaction. The use of words such as satisfaction, purr, and green stand out in the text, because the place is formerly described as being cold, dark, and smoggy. Both of these examples are places where anthropomorphism has been used, because the town has been described to be shivering and the cars purring, a characteristic of cats. Hardy also uses anthropomorphism quite subtly when he says in the Maiden No More, the arms of the mechanical reaper revolving slowly the last few yards of upright wheat fell also under the teeth of the unerring reaper. Here Hardy describes the reaper as having arms and teeth, consequently being given human characteristics, or anthropomorphic. The journey returns to its gloom when Lawrence says, Reckless swoops downhill again the breathless slithering around the precipitators drop under the church. By using words like slithering and reckless the scary scene is re-set. In comparison to Tess of the DUrbervilles, Thomas Hardy has also used personification in the Maiden No More-XIV but not in the Rally, like Lawrence to describe the settings. Hardy says, The sun, had a curious sentient, personal look, demanding the masculine pronoun for its adequate expression. His present aspect coupled with the lack of all human forms in the scene Here Hardy refers to the sun as a person, by saying his and had a personal look, when really we know that the sun does not have a look and does not have human mannerisms. Hardy then goes on to say: The luminary was a goldern-haired, beaming, mild-eyed, God-like creature, gazing down in the vigour and intentness of youth apon an earth that was brimming with interest for him. Here Hardy clearly describes the sun as having human characteristics and appearance, such as being, goldern-haired and mild-eyed. Philosophically, Hardy has referred to the gods and the heavenly bodies more than once in this quote, and this is probably to show how Tess feels about the situation of her alone with her child, and the mishaps she has recently faced. It is honourable that people turn to a higher force than beings, like God, for help and guidance through turbulent periods of their lives and this has been illustrated by personifying the sun to be a god-like creature and luminary. By using personification, both writers can achieve a sense of creativeness and make it easier for the reader to relate to, therefore making the settings more distinct. Lawrence does not use personification after the beginning of the story, and similarly Hardy does not use personification in the Rally XVI to describe the cheerful settings, instead Hardy uses comparisons. In the Rally XVI, Hardy compares many features of the new part of England Tess is visiting, to her childhoods natural environment. For example on page 133 he says, The river itself, which nourished the grass and cows of these renowned dairies, flowed not like the streams in Blackmoor. Those were slow, silent, often turbid The Froom waters were clear as the pure River of life By making a correlation between the clear Froom waters and the turbid, muddy waters of Blackmoor, Hardy is able to show that Tess is comparing her past and present state of mind, as she is her past and present landscape. The landscape here shows that Tess is a happy mood, as the landscape around her is being described in a positive manner and as being pure. Thomas Hardy uses purity of the soul and mind a lot in this text, and in the midst of the book depicts this when Angel tells Tess he loves her for her virtue and purity. Hardy also contrasts the scenery to pictures by Van Asloot (1570-1626) or Anthonis Sallaert (1590-1657), Flemish painters of landscapes and large scenes of everyday. Hardy says: The green lea speckled as thickly with them (cows) as a canvas by Van Alsloot or Sallaert with burghers. This is a simile used by Hardy, comparing the expansive land ahead of Tess with of the artists paintings. This helps to show the intensity of cows in the vale, and Hardy elaborates on all of the minor features to make them all sound important. Both writers use similes in their writing to inform the readers of the setting. In Tickets Please, Lawrence says, green cars as a jaunty sprig of parsley out of a black colliery garden. He describes the cars as being like green parsley out of a black colliery garden, which he actually means to be the town. This usage of simile compares our knowledge to the settings and makes the place seem more vivid, however it is quite ironic to contrast a piece of vegetable from a black colliery garden to a car. In relation to Lawrence, Hardy also uses similes in Tess of the DUrbervilles. In the Maiden No More on page 109, Tess is describing the sun, as a person and his actions in the early morning, His light, a little latter, broke through chinks of cottage shutters, throwing stripes like red hot pokers upon cupboards And then again on page 110, Presently there arose from within a ticking like the love-making of grasshopper. The machine had begun Both of these quotes show the usage of similes when Tess is in a sad state of mind. The comparisons are of light and sound, and this impersonates the environment around Tess rather than the scenery. The first quote is a forceful and intense, as he uses two adjective, red and hot to describe the rays of sunlight. The second quote makes the noise of the machine sound very distinct and clear to hear. Both of the writers try to achieve a very clear and distinct picture of what they feel, and do this using the simile. These similes in Tess of the DUrbervilles are quite figurative, as they make reference to her past experience. However similes have also been used in a positive way in Tess, when she is describing the waters of the river Froom in the Rally XVI, on page 133, The Froom waters were clear as the pure River of Life shown to Evangelist, rapid as the shadow of a cloud In this quote the waters were described to be as clear as the pure River of Life and this indicates the fresh start that Tess intends to make by going to the Talbothays Dairy. The second simile in this quote is the speed of the river being as rapid as the shadow of a cloud, which is quite ironic considering clouds can often move quite slowly and sometimes not very fast at all. In Tickets Please there is often reference to other places, when it is night and darkness. Darkness sets a scary atmosphere; building up to a climax or twist in the story and this is noticeable by the usage of adjectives and adverbs by Lawrence. The narrator says, The nights are howlingly cold, black and windswept And then also says, He sat with her on a stile in the black, drizzling darkness. This use of adjectives and adverbs to make the location frightening is re-establish when Lawrence says, and walk across the dark, damp field. Later on in the story, we come to the fairground where Annie bumps into John Thomas. Here the atmosphere of the location is very different to that of the tram journey at the beginning of the text. The fairground is made to sound lively and exciting, yet frightening, which also a technique used to gear up the reader to the main turning point of the story. For example, roundabouts veering around and grinding out their music. The fairground has been described using enticing verbs like veering and grinding, and the roundabout switchbacks are described by the adjective grim-toothed, making the fairground seem exciting and scary in some senses. The fairground is also represented to be an antique place when Lawrence says, caring in a rickety fashion This quote uses the adjective rickety to describe the ride, which means weak or unstable, also implying it is old. Hardy seems to make the Maiden No More echo an unhappy atmosphere when he talks of the killing of the animals in the fields, whilst harvesting. He says: Rabbits, hares, snakes, rats, mice retreated inwards huddled together, friends and foes, till the last few yards of upright wheat fell also under the teeth of the unerring reaper, and they were every one put to death by the sticks and stones of the harvesters. Metaphorically, this is probably how Tess feels, as if she is being drawn into the depths of life, as the animals are of shelter of wheat, cascading down into a hurricane of dread, and that she too will be faced with death eventually. Hardy has also used a section of the folk-phrase proverb, sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me, at the end of this quote. This could be to show as Tess being strong and trying to get through her struggling time. Thomas Hardy was considered a fatalist. Fatalism is a view of life, which insists that all action everywhere be controlled by nature of things, or by power superior to things, as illustrated in the example of heavenly bodies. Another reference in the text that indicates that Tess is unhappy is on page 109, imparted to them a look of having been dipped in liquid fire. This quotation may refer to hell as Hardy uses the word liquid fire that could refer to hell and sadness. Hardy is best known for his beautiful but often oppressive portrayal of the countryside. This is likely to be a reflection of his background. Thomas Hardys entire childhood was spent close to the soil, growing up in the countryside of a small village of Egdon village; he could carefully observe the regularity of natural change. As a 21st Century reader there are many indications that reveal that Tess of the DUrbervilles was written in the late 1800s because of reference to the social and agricultural changes he describes. There is mention of the agricultural revolution in one of the extract I have chosen to analyse, in the Maiden No More, when Hardy says, formed the revolving Maltese cross of the reaping-machine the arms of the mechanical reaper. The word machine and mechanical have come up twice here, indicating that changes were being made to the agriculture with the usage of non-manual forms of harvesting. Both Hardy and Lawrence have different styles of writing, but this is because they were written in during different period of time. This can be identified in Tickets Please when Lawrence uses listing, as a way of describing the depot room. The last place described in Tickets Please is when we reach the climax of the story and the girls beat up John Thomas. The waiting room is described as being very cosy and warm and away from the darkness and lawlessness of wartime. These phrases make this part of the story sound exciting and are a build-up to the fight. Lawrence says: It was quite rough, but cosy, with a fire and an oven and a mirror, and a table and wooden chairs. The room is not described in a lot of detail here, but is in a simple listed order, making it not very striking, compared to the former journey, at the beginning of the story, using many adjective, adverbs, intriguing verbs and similes. Both writers have used the settings to set their characters moods. Hardy has distinctly done this making it quite obvious for a reader to pick out grammatical and philosophical elements. Lawrence has used the setting to determine what will happen to the characters and what sort of climax or twist that he wants to build into the story. This is evident in the beginning of Tickets Please when a gloomy atmosphere is set, making one of the protagonists Annie, feeling dull and not aroused. Then Lawrence uses the exciting funfair to set the mood of love and passion, and then finally the climax of the fight, fortified by description of the room. In conclusion both writers have similar ways of expressing the scenery through usage of grammatical tools, but different ways of displaying this, and have variations in their style of writing and the intensity of the language.

Pro Death Panalty Speech †Fiction

Pro Death Panalty Speech – Fiction Free Online Research Papers Good day ladies and gentlemen. I would like to thank all of you for coming out today and hope you are all enjoying the croissants and Starbuck’s coffee provided as a courtesy of your great state. Please allow me to introduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executed for the wickedest of crimes. We would all like to think more people would think twice before committing murder, knowing that they had to sit in jail for the rest of their lives with a life surrounded by complete boredom and misery. Unfortunately, this is not the case nor is it our desire to place people on death row matter-of-factly just because it’s an option available to us. We continually strive to make our judicial system fairer anticipating that the best verdicts are handed down based on the sound judgment of your peers. Anyone who has sat on a jury panel with the death penalty as a choice o f punishment knows this can be a very difficult thing to do, is one of our most difficult decisions but, inevitably, will be decided again. When European settlers came to the new world, they brought the practice of capital punishment with them. The first recorded implementation of the death penalty was Captain George Kendall which occurred in the Jamestown colony of Virginia, 1608. George Kendall was executed for being a spy for Spain. In 1612, Virginia Governor Sir Thomas Dale enacted the Divine, Moral and Martial Laws, where executions were not as humane as today and the death penalty was carried out by crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement. Thankfully we have evolved more humanitarian methods. In Texas, after sentencing, if the death penalty is handed down by the judge, most cases are appealed giving the vile defendant a chance to circumvent the just desserts. Many death penalty cases are appealed by a writ of habeas corpus action to determine whether the person in the custody of legal authorities is lawfully detained in accordance with the constitutional rules. It is at this point that the Eighth Amendment from the U.S. Constitution protects those Texas inmates where, ‘excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Since, by some, the death penalty is considered ‘cruel and unusual punishment this has become a popular appeal. Yes, it is true that Texas leads the nation in the number of executions since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976, but it is our ethical legal moralism, our law enforcement officers and the duty of our fellow Texans doing what we should be doing stopping the evil s courge of society! Your society! In the 1958 the Supreme Court ruled in Trop v. Dulles (356 U.S. 86), which itself is not a death penalty case; the Eighth Amendment contained an evolving standard of decency that marked the progress of a maturing society. Death penalty opponents used this case as a basis for their argument that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment because the U.S. had evolved to a point that its standard of decency no longer tolerated the death penalty. This is not the case my good people and the decency we offer convicted murderers is a painless alternative to those methods used in the 1600s. The practice of using the death penalty continued until it was suspended in the early 1970s. On June 29, 1972, in the case of Furman v. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty violated the Eighth Amendments prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. This was due in part to the fact that juries had complete sentencing discretion which could result in arbitrary sentencing, and the Courts deemed it was also a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process. Keep in my mind that in Texas only the most vial and cruel criminals are placed on death row, and, who are the most deserving. The consequences of the Supreme Court’s 1972 ruling voided 40 death penalty statutes, thereby commuting the sentences of 629 death row inmates around the country, 45 from Texas and suspending the death penalty because existing statutes were no longer valid. However, this ruling went against the U.S. public majority where, in fact, over 55% of U.S. citizens were in favor of the death penalty. Some states rewrote their death penalty laws to address the unconstitutionality of giving juries complete discretion in sentencing by setting a mandated capital punishment for those convicted of capital crimes. The Supreme Court ruled in Woodson v. North Carolina (1976) this was also unconstitutional. A different approach by some states was to introduce mitigating and aggravating factors when determining sentencing where, in 1976, the Supreme Court ultimately approved. The Supreme Court also held that the death penalty itself was once again constitutional under the Eighth Amendment allowing states a new dawn for a better society. On January 17, 1977, the suspension of the death penalty officially ended with the execution of Gary Gilmore in Utah, by firing squad, and that same year the introduction and use of the new kinder gentler lethal injection was administered by Oklahoma. In 1977, after the Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty, over 65% of U.S. citizens were in favored of it. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty the Supreme Court has further defined the Eighth Amendments relationship to the death Penalty. In the same year it was reinstated the Courts ruled that it was deemed to harsh for instances of kidnapping, rape, being mentally incompetent and juveniles younger that 15. However it was determined in Stanford v. Kentucky that the constitution does not prohibit the death penalty for 16-year olds who commit murder. Since 1977 our state has focused every effort to save your taxpaying money and kept Texans protected from paying a state sales tax. Unlike other states we’ve done this by managing inmate total cost and making executions cost effective as possible with renowned success. We’ve even managed to redirect that extra money towards repairing our roads and funding school programs for our kids. You! The Texas taxpayer, paid an average of 43% lower cost than the other states to house inmates and less than one-hundred dollars to rid the state of each of its worst offenders. My fellow Texans, I know the death penalty is a very touchy subject to a few of you and the views of individuals who either favor or oppose the action are coupled with not only moral values and ethical beliefs, but are as personally diverse emotionally regarding race, abortion, religion and if McCain or Obama should be the next president. The most popular alternative of death penalty opponents is life in prison with no possibility of parole and the additional penalty of restitution compensation to victim’s families. Unfortunately, there is no effect of this swaying proponents of the death penalty nor is there any substantial evidence of its effectiveness to reduce the number murders committed nationwide. Currently, over 65% of the U.S. is in favor of the death penalty. In our great state of Texas we have become a kinder gentler state where we, Texans, have implemented the use of lethal injection as means of execution. We started this in 1977, used it for the first time in 1982 and continue to use it to this day. I have two promises for you my friends. My first promise to you and my personal guarantee is that we will keep capital punishment as it is and continue to reevaluate its effectiveness and use; continually reviewing its pros and cons. If a majority of Texans agree that there are better restorative justice methods or positive retribution alternatives we will change our stance to how we administer capital punishment. My second promise and guarantee is for as long as the death penalty is still practiced, the malevolent and immoral death row inmates who make it to execution will never hurt you, your family, your friends or your children ever again. Death row inmates are fulfilling the appropriate punishment handed down to them by our Texas due process of law. Only God is left for them to answer to in their final judgment. My fellow Texans, I hope ya’ll stick around to enjoy the free lunch sponsored by Chili’s and remember to vote for me for reelection. Thank you. 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Jesus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jesus - Essay Example The Sower and The Seed: Luke 8: 4-15 The parable of the Sower and the Seed was taught by Jesus and was likewise clearly explained in the Gospel. According to the parable, the sower was on the way to plant some seeds. On the way to the place where he was to specifically plant, some of the seeds fell in different places: in the way side, on a rock, and even on thorns. As expected, these seeds eventually withered and died. Only the seed which were planted in good ground became productive and bore fruits. Jesus likewise explained here that the seeds were the word of God and the different types of ground are people who listen to the word. The lesson that Jesus tried to impart was that people who are honest, who have a good heart, and are holistically prepared to receive the good message from the scriptures are the ones who would benefit from these words by living it, sharing them to others, and become productive from having learned from them. Those who are not prepared could just be expos ed to these words and teachings and not be able to apply them in their daily lives. Likewise, though not explicitly mentioned the sower could be the source of perpetuating the word of God; this could be the spiritual adviser, the priest, or even the Holy Scriptures where the Word of God could be found, or where these teachings would be relayed. Thus, the spiritual significance of this parable is deduced in terms of assuming the appropriate perspective: mentally, spiritually, physically, emotionally, and even socially, to receive, to imbibe, to share, and to apply what one would learn from the gospel readings and teachings of God’s words to appreciate the lessons which are relayed therein. The Good Samaritan: Luke 10:25-37 Another parable told by Jesus was the story of the Good Samaritan. The story apparently unfolded when a certain lawyer asked Jesus what should be done to inherit eternal life and the series of responses led him to subsequently ask who one’s neighbor i s (The New Testament Excerpts: Life of Jesus).

Introduction to World History Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to World History Assignment - Essay Example Economic systems from the social point of view have been specified in varieties of mannerisms are transient as well as driving a strata of society that empowers phenomena for satisfaction of history. The views of Karl Marx are manifested in two methodologies and ways. As a methodology of interpretation as well as another in terms of doctrine that would provide guidance for practice in the political arena. There is a plethora of crisp characterisations that transforms into materialism of history blended with scientific socialism utilised primarily by Engels (1907) that embraces terms, an embodiment materialism utilised by Plekhanov (2008) as well as the interpretation of historical facts initially utilised by Bernstein. An opinion is extended to the effect that they do not satisfy the crux of the matter (Evans, 1975). At the outset Marx’s research is analytical about the assessment of alienating the product that is a part of division of labour based on capitalism. The next aspect manifests a comparison with a favourable economic as well as unfavourable observation that is sociological on division of labour made by the father of economics, Adam Smith. The third aspect the West, 1969 offers general criticisms about alienation that emerges from the standpoint of economics based on politics. L.D. Easton’s 1970 view on empiricism and alienation that analyses the thought of Marx as not standing the acid test of unique interpretation of Karl Marx’s views pertaining to explosion of knowledge for examining in brevity various statements that govern the development commencing from the angle and nomenclature of alienation in previous years’ writings. Easton’s aim was to bring about an assertion with hypotheses as well as ambiguities on empiricism as compared to rationalism. A.F. McGovern views on Marx were that he attempted the